Gender Inequality Index
Gender Inequality Index
What is the Gender Inequality Index?
The Gender Inequality Index (GIE) is a composite indicator that shows the potential loss in human development as a result of inequalities between the achievements of women and men in three dimensions – reproductive health, empowerment and the labor market. This index provides an empirical basis for analyzes of gender policies and for areas where efforts to achieve gender equality should be focused.
Methodology
GII presents gender disadvantages in three dimensions – reproductive health, empowerment and the labor market. GII can take values from 0, where the achievements of women and men are equal, to 1, where one of the genders has the worst possible results in all dimensions. [Human Development Report, United Nations, 2015].
Below are listed all the indicators necessary for the calculation of the Gender Inequality Index according to the dimension to which they belong and the data source.
- Reproductive health
- Maternal mortality
- Teenage birth rate
The priority given to women's health during pregnancy and childbirth is a clear sign of their status in society. The risk of women dying in childbirth can be reduced by educating them and improving the health care they receive. Also, childbearing at a young age, in addition to posing a high risk to the health of the mother and the child, makes it more difficult for women to achieve higher levels of education, which are necessary for their success in the labor market. work.
- Empowerment
- Percentage of seats in parliament by gender
- Completion of secondary or higher education, by gender for ages over 25 years
Women have traditionally been disadvantaged in the political field, at all levels of governance and representation. The percentage of women in parliament is an estimate of the extent to which women can hold senior leadership positions in a society. On the other hand, women with higher levels of education are more likely to be more successful in the labor market, are better able to take care of their health and that of their family, and find it easier to take initiatives , including political ones.
- The labor market
- The rate of participation in the labor market
The rate of participation in the labor market represents the willingness of people to participate in the labor market as well as the perception they have about employment opportunities. An important aspect for women and their participation in the labor market is the possibility of combining productive work with reproductive life. The lack of this opportunity may force a good part of women to withdraw entirely from the labor force.
Results
According to calculations, for the year 2022, the Gender Inequality Index has decreased to 0.06 from the 0.09 it marked a year ago. This shows a loss in human development as a result of gender inequality of 6.0%.
Over the years, all the indicators used in the calculation of the GII have had slight improvements, except for maternal mortality, which, with its fluctuations over the years, has also played the main role in the fluctuation of this indicator.
Click here for more information:
https://www.instat.gov.al/en/themes/demography-and-social-indicators/gender-equality/#tab2