The indicator measures the share of R&D personnel in the following institutional sectors: business enterprise (BES), government (GOV), higher education (HES) and private non-profit (PNP). Data are presented in full-time equivalents as a share of the labour force. R&D personnel consist of two categories, researchers and other R&D personnel. Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques, instrumentation, software or operational methods. In addition, R&D personnel also include persons providing direct support services to R&D activities (e.g., R&D managers/administrators when directly serving R&D, technicians, and clerical staff assigned to R&D). Personnel providing only indirect or ancillary services are excluded.  ;

EU Indicator ;

R&D personnel by sector (sdg_09_30);

INSTAT, R&D Survey;